Bumthang valley, located in Central Bhutan, is a popular destination for both local and international tourists. Known as the country’s ‘religious heartland’, Bumthang’s rich history, religion, and culture is reflected in its art, architecture and way of life.

An integral part of Bumtap (people of Bumthang) life is thagzo or traditional weaving. This intricate art form has sculpted Bhutanese identity and culture and is a part of the country’s thirteen traditional arts and crafts or zorig chusum. 

The art form, designs, and motifs of Bhutanese thagzo are also a reflection of the natural environment and religious beliefs of the locality. It is no coincidence that along with its reputation as a sacred site, Bumthang is also known as a biodiversity hotspot.

Bumthang and its weavers have contributed immensely to the art of thagzo. Additionally, its central location at a geographical crossroad means that almost all types of thagzo found today are woven in this central valley. Bumthang mathra and yathra textiles are coveted across the country.

Bumthang mathra and yathra are predominantly made from wool (bae) and soft wool (thaem), owing to the fact that the high-altitude of the valley necessitated sheep and yak rearing. Bumthang’s vast and lush pasture lands were ideal for yak herding and resulted in the animals’ fibrous coats that provided thick yarn for textiles. 

Although the passage of time has led to changes in these textiles, the ancient art of weaving is still important for many indigenous communities and its women weavers. This generational knowledge is passed down from mother to daughter and not only provides additional income but helps form the fabric of Bumthap culture.

As a weaver from Bumthang shares, “I have been weaving yathra almost all my weaving career. As young girls, me and my sister would sit around the bukhari (wood heater), spin the wool into yarn by night and weave them into yathra by day and now I make a living through it.”

About the Author

Sonam Chhoewang is a recent graduate from RTC, where she wrote her undergraduate thesis on Thagzo production in Bhutan. She has been weaving most of her life.